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Transmission technology

Selasa, 31 Juli 2012

Transmission technology

It is preceded in my previous articles published in the Muslim World League Magazine that many verses ofthe Quran referred to the science unknown in 7th century. The following verses from the chapter ‘Al-Araaf were the object ofsevere criticism by the non-Muslim writers butthe modern achievement in the field of science and technology have proved their authenticity and have fully established the truth what the Book of Allah revealed tothe Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

44. The dwellers in the Heaven call to the dwellers in the Fire we have that, our Lord promised us (as) the Truth, have you that, which your Lord promised you (as) the Truth. They say: Yes. And crier between them crieth the curse of Allah is on theevil doers.

45. Who hinder (men) from the path of Allah and would have it crookedand who are the disbelievers in the Last day.
46. Between them is a veiland on the heights are men who know them allby theirmarks, and they call to the men in the Heavenpeace be unto you, they have not yet entered the Heaventhey hope to enter it with certainty.
47. And when their eyes are turned to the people in the Fire, they say: Our Lord place us notwith the wrong doing folk.
48. The men on the heightscall unto men whom they know by their markssaying: Of what profit to you were your collected wealthand your pride.
49. Are these the men?Of whom you swore that Allah would not show them mercy? Enter you the Heaven no fear shall be on younor ye shall ever grieve.
50. And the men in the Firecry to the men in the Heaven pour out on us some wateror some of that Allah doth provide you of sustenancethey say: Verily Allah hath forbidden both to disbelievers.(Quran-7/44-50)

The aforesaid verses do carry some important facts, which refer to the modern science and technology.
The chief points of discussion are:
1) A dialogue between the people in the Heaven and the people in the Fire.
2) There are people on the height seeing and talking to both of them.
3) There is ‘Hijab’ meaning veil, curtain, or screen between the people in the Heaven and the people in the Fire.
4) The men in the Heaven recognize their acquaintances in the Fire by their face marks and so on the people in the Fire identify the men in the Heaven.
5) The men in the Fire would long for water and sustenance from the people in the Heaven.
The question arises how the men in the Heaven could see the men in the Fire when particularly:

The breadth of the Heaven is as the width of the sky and the earth. (57/21)

And certainly the Hell will be far, far away from the Heaven.
Imam Razi (543-606) has also raised a question; he says from this magnanimous distance how a call can be possible? Imam Razi himself replied it saying ‘To us the extreme closeness or remoteness of the distance is not an impediment in a dialogue’. He added, “Al-Qadhi observed, that there are scientists who say there is a peculiarity about the voice that the distance alone cannot be a hurdle from hearing.”
This statement shows that the scientists of his time were developing some positive theory about the sound waves.
The Dialogue Between the People of the Heaven and of the Fire
Now I revert back to the exegesis of the aforesaid verses. The commentators attempted to explain them to the best of their knowledge, but no satisfactory explanation could be given for a dialogue between the people of the Heaven and the people of the Fire when they both are million, million light years apart. Similarly the word ‘Hijab’ was explained as a wall, it was all-impossible due to magnanimous distance between the Heaven and the Hell. That is why the orientalists, the Jews and the Christians all denied these verses.
There are few other verses correlated with the verses under citation:

And We have fastened everyman’s deeds to his neck, and on the Day of Resurrection, We shall bring forhim a book which he shall find wide open.(17/13-14),

And the Book will be placed, and you will see the criminals, fearful of that which is therein. They will say woe to us! What sort ofBook this is, that leaves neither a small thing nor a big thing except that it has enumerated it.And they will find what they did placed before them. And your Lord treats no one with injustice. (18/49),
Whoso has done an atom’s weight of good, he will see It then. And whoever has done an atom’s weight of evil will see it then. ( 99/7-8).
The above verses of the Holy Quran describe that after resurrection and before the Judgment, the book of deeds of every person will be fastened to his neck. He will find therein all his acts however small are big. It will contain all his good and bad deeds, which he will be able to read and see. The disbelievers denied the contentions of the Quran saying the presentation of the book of deeds on the Day of Judgment to every person is impossible, neither he will read the book nor he will see his past actions.
The acceptance and rejection of a fact depends upon the quantum of knowledge we possess to the tune of our development in a given time period.
Even in the 19th century, the mind could not perceive the phenomena of the atmosphere and space and of the electromagnetic or radio waves etc., but the Quranic facts were far advanced to our the then timid notions. They were reflecting to our scientific progress, which was yet to be achieved by mankind in the 20th century.
In the first quarter of the 20th century Guglielmo Marconi succeeded in establishing the radio service. From 1928 radio telephone circuits were set up. It was found the radio waves are not restricted to earth’s atmosphere. K.G Jansky first discovered radio waves from the Milky Way in 1931 and the radio noise from the sun was discovered in 1942. This proved that the atmosphere and the space preserve the sounds in the shape of the waves and they do not die out.
After the radio the great invention was of television. It was launched in the Great Britain by B.B.C. on 2nd November 1936. That proved not only sound or voices are preserved in the space but also the space carries the pictures of our actions.
By 1970 the color broadcasting was common in all the countries. Only we by the help of machines receive and show them on the T.V. screen. The invention of the video perfected what was lacking in the television. Whenever one desires one can see a story on a videocassette. Thus every videocassette contains a story in it like a book. And when a man can prepare a film having fiction and real stories using the resources present in the atmosphere and show it on television, certainly it is in the power of God the presentation of the book of deeds on the day of Judgment.
Therefore, God said: ‘Whoso has done an atom’s of weight of good will see it then” and so on his evils.
When man will be shown the film of his life he will cry “Woe to us! What a book is this! It leaves out nothing but enumerated it” and they find in it all they did in the world.
One thing remains, God mentioned the reading of the book and seeing of the past actions of every man in the verses under citation, but it did not mention that a man can listen his own voice the like we listen in a video cassette. It is not so. The Quran did mention it too:
This our book speaks about you with truth, Lo! We have caused (all) that you did to be recorded. (45/29)

Thus the deeds of every man are not only being written but his voice is also being recorded. This proved the angels are preparing the record of every man like that of a color film.
We can say there are two kinds of film, the one we prepare for a videocassette etc., the other, which angels prepare for the whole life span of every man.
The Omniscient, the Creator of the Universe has appointed sentinels on every person to note down, prepare a film of all his actions in the shape of a cassette and call it a book of deeds. When the guilty will refuse to admit his sins:
On the Day when their tongues, their hands and their feet will testify against themwhat they used to do. (24/24)

There is no wonder in it. Who can give speech to a tongue can give speech to other limbs. Had the tongue speech on its own, the tongues of the animal would have spoken. If the guilty would reject the testimony of their own limbs and insist on refusal, the angels would make for them to play the cassette of their lives before them. He would see all his past life as he used to see in the films. This is:
‘Who so hath done an atoms weight of good will see it then, and whoso hath done an atoms weight of evilwill see it then.’


It is a warning to those who see dances and listens songs on a videocassette, which give vent to sexual desires, they should remember that Allah (God) would not treat them with injustice.
However, with the invention of radio, television, and video the Quranic verses, which looked incredible to the unbelievers, became the most credible. In other words the Quran has prophesied with modern development in the technology when no one could conceive it in the 7th century.
We return to the dialogue, which is to occur between the men in the Heaven and men in the Fire.
It is aforementioned that the Quranic verse referring to ‘Hijab’ (screen, curtain) between two aforesaid people remained unexplained till we enter the era of modern technology. Now we can interpret the real meaning of the word ‘Hijab’ is screen and not wall as contended by the previous interpreters. That is to say the aforesaid parties of the Heaven and the Hell would be able to see each other on a screen, the like we see in our television news program. The people on height would also participate in the dialogue between the two parties like a T.V host.
It is very amazing that the Quranic description having been declared far beyond the truth is proved after 1400 years. The Quran in the seventh century had announced:
We will show them Our signs in the universe and in their own selves, until it becomes manifest to them that this (Book) is the truth. (41/53)

The persons on the height would be intermediaries in this transmission. The Quran also mentions that both the parties will recognize each other with their face marks. Certainly it is so the recognition dawns upon us when we see a character on a T.V. screen.
Lastly when the people in the Fire see the people in the Heaven eating and drinking, they would long for to get some food and drink, though they know that they cannot get to those provisions.
However, the modern inventions finally upheld the Quranic assertions as to the reckoning of all and after their final destination in the Heaven or the Hell, they proved the possibility of a dialogue, which is to occur between the people in the Heaven and in the Fire.

Fingerprint


The Identity Hidden in the Fingerprint




While it is stated in the Qur’an that it is easy for Allah to bring man back to life after death, peoples’ fingerprints are particularly emphasized:

075.004► بَلَى قَادِرِينَ عَلَى أَنْ نُسَوِّيَ بَنَانَهُ
Yes, We are able to put together in perfect order the very tips of his fingers. (Qur’an, Al-Qiyama -75:4)

The emphasis on fingerprints has a very special meaning. This is because shapes and details on everyone’s fingerprint are unique to each individual. Every person who is alive or who has ever lived in this world has a set of unique fingerprints. Furthermore,
even identical twins having the very same DNA sequence have their own set of fingerprints.


Fingerprints attain their final shape before birth and remain the same for a lifetime unless a permanent scar appears. That is why fingerprints are accepted as a very important proof of identity, exclusive to their owner. The science of fingerprints has been used as a non-erring identity determination method.
However, what is important is that this feature of fingerprints was only discovered in the late 19th century. Before then, people regarded fingerprints as ordinary curves without any specific importance or meaning. However in the Qur’an, Allah points to the fingertips, which did not attract anyone’s attention at that time, and calls our attention to their importance. This importance has only been fully understood in our day

Army-ant technology

Army-ant technology

Then, when they reached the Valley of the Ants, an ant said: “Ants! Enter your dwellings, so that Sulayman and his troops do not crush you unwittingly.” (Qur’an, 27:18)

The “Valley of the Ants” refers to a special place and special ants. In addition, the fact that Prophet Sulayman (as) could hear the ants talking among themselves may contain striking references to future developments in computer technology. The present-day term “Silicon Valley” refers to
the centre of the world of technology. It is most significant that a “valley of the ants” appears in the account of Prophet Sulayman’s (as) life. Allah may be drawing our attention to the advanced technology of the future.
Furthermore, ants and other insect species are widely used in advanced technology as models in robot projects and are intended to serve in a wide range of areas, from the defence industry to technology. The verse may also be referring to these developments.


Latest Developments in Miniature Technology: Army-Ant Robots

The best known project using ants as a model are the “Army-Ant Robot” projects being carried out independently in several countries. One study being carried out by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Virginia State University seeks to develop small, inexpensive, and simple physically identical robots that can be used as a robot army. Project officials explain these robots’ functionality in the following terms: “The way they behave as a group, in a coordinated manner, perform a series of physical actions, and take joint decisions.” These robot armies’ mechanical and electrical designs have been based on the behaviour of an ant community. They are called the “army-ant” robots because of their similarities to their insect counterparts.
The “army-ant” robot system was originally designed as a “material-carrying system.” According to this scenario, several small robots would be charged with jointly lifting and carrying objects. It was later decided that they could be used for other tasks. One report describes other tasks to which they might be assigned in the future:Nuclear and hazardous waste cleanup with robotic “swarms,” mining (including material removal and search-and-rescue), mine sweeping
(both land and water), surveillance and sentry, planetary surface exploration and excavation.In a report by Israel A. Wagner, an expert on ant robot technology, the ant robot projects were described in these terms:Ant-robots are simple physical or virtual creatures designed to cooperate in order to achieve a common goal. They are assumed to have very limited

resources of energy, sensing and computing, and to communicate via traces left in the workspace or on the ground, like many insects naturally do…
The distribution of work among multiple a(ge)nts can be made by either a central controller who sends orders to the agents, or by an a-priori agreement on a certain partitioning that, if obeyed by the agents, eventually leads to a completion of the given mission. A third way, used throughout the current work, is to design the behavior of individuals such that cooperation will naturally emerge in the course of their work, without making a-priori decisions on the structure of the cooperation. The specific application that we address is covering, which is also known as exploring or searching. This variety of names hints to the many applications this problem might have: from cleaning the floor of a house to mapping an unknown planet or demining a mine field.As can be seen in these examples, an ant’s social lifestyle forms the basis of many projects, and the various ant-based robot technologies are providing benefits for human beings. That is why it is so important that ants and their valley are referred to in the Qur’anic account of Prophet Sulayman’s (as) life. The term “ants” in the verse may refer to an army consisting of robots, future developments in robot technology, and how robots will play an important role in human life. For example, they may perform many arduous tasks and thus make people’s lives more comfortable. (Allah knows best.)

Radio receivers

Rabu, 27 Juni 2012


RADIO RECEIVERS ON MOUNTAINS

We gave Dawud great favor from Us: “O mountains and birds! Echo with him in his praise!” And We made iron malleable for him: (Surah Saba’, 10)


The description of mountains “echoing” in the above verse may be a reference to the way that radios work. (Allah knows the truth.) The basic principles on which radios operate may be summarized as follows:
The radio system consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter takes the message to be sent, encodes it in what is known as a “sinus wave” and transmits it in the form of waves.
The receiver takes in the radio waves and deciphers the message sent on the sinus wave. In this way, the message is received in exactly the same form as it was sent. The word “awwibi,” translated as “echo” in the above verse and meaning “sound being repeated or returned”, may very well be a reference to the transmission of these radio waves. (Allah knows the truth.)
Sounds emitted in the form of sound waves by way of an antenna in order that the receiver can take in the data sent are also met by an antenna linked to the receiver.  The purpose behind using antennae is the transmission into space of the waves emitted by the radio transmitter. The receiving antenna is intended to collect as many radio waves and messages as possible. That is why NASA uses giant antennae bowls 70 meters across for its satellites millions of kilometers away in space.

There are also radio telescopes which use radio waves to form images. Since radio waves are very long, a radio telescope has to be much larger in order to collect them as images sufficiently clear to be compared. In order to obtain sharper and better images, astronomers use a connected series of smalletelescopes or receptors. These telescopes act collectively as one very large one. And in physical appearance, these series resemble mountain systems.

In addition, “repeaters” are employed to permit radio communications over every great distances. These devices repeat and strengthen weak signals and enable them to be transmitted over considerable distances.  Such devices are generally sited on tall buildings or on the tops of mountains for preference, in order to have the greatest effect.  The use of the word “awwibi,” translated as “echo” in the above verse, is exceedingly wise. The statement of, “O mountains and birds! Echo with him in his praise!’”  in verse 10 of Surah Saba’ may thus be a description of that technology. Allah knows the truth.

1 http://www.val-tech.com/nelsone/vla.html







The cloning

Selasa, 12 Juni 2012


THE CLONING OF LIVING THINGS

[Satan said:] “I will lead them astray and fill them with false hopes. I will command them and they will cut off cattle’s ears. I will command them and they will change Allah’s creation.” Anyone who takes satan as his protector in place of Allah has clearly lost everything.” (Surat an-Nisa’, 119)

The above verse contains the expression “yubattikunna,” which derives from the verb "battaka” meaning ”to cut off or break off.” The term “yughayyirunna” in the verse derives from the verb “ghayyara,” meaning “to change, alter, impair a thing’s original form.” At the end of both verbs appears the confirmatory letter ”nun.” With these expressions, verse 119 of Surat an-Nisa’ may, in one aspect, be pointing to the scientific activity of copying or cloning of organisms. (Allah knows the truth.) That is because cloning experiments are generally conducted with cells taken from an animal’s ear. To put it another way, a replica living thing is produced with the taking of cells from tissue samples “cut from animals’ ears,” just as described in the verse.

A report by the German Federal Agricultural Research Center provides the following information:
The tissue collection phase is short and simple. Once an animal has been located and restrained, a tissue sample like an ear clipping can be collected within seconds. Furthermore, somatic cells can be collected from all species. … For cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, camelids and llamas, a unified and identical procedure can be used by obtaining a tissue sample from the ear using notchers which are also used for setting earmarks… Clearly, for all species lymphocytes could be used, but somatic cells from ear clippings will be much easier to obtain and are therefore preferable. 1
Some reports concerning organisms cloned by taking samples from ear tissue include:

- According to a report by Reuters dated 1 May, 2002, a research veterinarian at the University of Sao Paolo in Brazil, Jose Visintin, produced cloned embryos for the first time in the country by using cells taken from the ear of an adult cow.2

- According to a BBC report, South Korean scientists cloned a dog called Snuppy from cells taken from a 3-year-old Afghan hound. Researchers at the Seoul National University extracted genetic material from the cells taken from the ear and placed it into an empty egg cell. An embryo was then obtained by stimulating the cell to divide.3

- Another BBC report said that a new clone had been produced using ear cells from an adult cow in research carried out by Dr. Jean-Paul Renard et al. at the Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique in France.4

- According to information of the official Human Genome Project website, in February 2002, scientists from the Advanced Cell Technologies (ACT) biotechnology company carried out experiments on cloning a cow embryo using the skin cell of the donor cow’s ear.5

- A report by Associated Press, dated 24 January, 2000, announced that Japanese scientists had cloned the clone of a bull for the first time. In the re-cloning, skin tissue samples from the first generation cloned bull’s ear were taken when it was four months old. These cells were then fused with an unfertilized egg from which the nucleus had been removed.6


The way that changes in the creation of living things are referred to in the Qur’an and the expression “cutting off cattle’s ears,” at a time when no branches of science such as genetics or embryology existed, shows that the Qur’an has come down from the Sight of our Lord, Allah, Who is unfettered by time. We are also told at the end of the verse that these people will be disappointed when they alter what Allah has created. The verse may therefore be indicating that cloning will give rise to various problems for human beings. (Allah knows the truth.) Indeed, statements from the Genetic Science Learning Center of the University of Utah provide the following information:
When we hear of cloning successes, we learn about only the few attempts that worked. What we don't see are the many, many cloning experiments that failed! And even in the successful clones, problems tend to arise later, during the animal's development to adulthood.7
Information from the Human Genome Project website take this form:
Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, [died on] Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. … More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. … In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. Japanese studies have shown that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. … Appearing healthy at a young age unfortunately is not a good indicator of long term survival. Clones have been known to die mysteriously. For example, Australia's first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she died, and the results from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death.8
In general terms, the risks arising from cloning experiments are as follows:

1) A high failure rate: The level of success is just 0.1%-3%. That means a failure rate of 970-999 for every 1000 experiments.9

2) Problems during development:
Cloned animals that do survive generally have abnormally larger organs compared to the originals. This may lead to respiration and circulation difficulties, unhealthy kidneys and brain, and an impaired immune system.

3) Abnormal gene expression patterns: Although clones have the same DNA sequences as the originals, the cell nucleus in the clone does not have the same program as that in a natural embryo. To put it another way, the DNA cannot express the right set of genes essential for the development of the clone at the right time. For example, cells of all kinds, nerve, bone, blood or skin for example, all have different programs but the genetic programs in the clone embryo do not work as healthily as those in a natural embryo.

4) Telomeric differences: Chromosomes are shortened as cells divide. The reason for this is that DNA sequences at both ends of a chromosome, known as telomeres, are shortened during each DNA replication. As an animal grows older, the telomeres shorten as part of that aging. Therefore, the copied life form has shortened chromosomes from the moment it is born, just as if it were actually older.
Genetic material taken from living cells is used in cloning experiments, but fertilization takes place artificially. The reproduction mechanism created by Allah is thus impaired with these methods, and unidentified diseases, developmental deficiencies and early deaths are encountered. The way that it was reported 1400 years ago that scientists would engage in cloning and that the problems awaiting people therefrom are emphasized, clearly reveals that the Qur’an is a Divine scripture.
In the cloning process, DNA from a cell of the living thing planned to be copied is placed under the microscope and placed into an egg cell from another member of the same species. The DNA of the animal intended to be copied is used for this. An electric shock is then applied, which stimulates the egg cell to start dividing. The embryo continues to divide and is placed into the womb of a member of the species, and is then left to develop and be born.
 
1 http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0070t/a0070t05.htm
2 http://ngin.tripod.com/010502b.htm
3 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4742453.stm
4 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/331793.stm
5 http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml
6 http://www.gene.ch/info4action/2000/Jan/msg00061.html
7 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/cloningrisks/
8 http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml
9 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/cloningrisks/
 

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